- Born
- 1931 in St. Paul, MN
- Gender
- Male
- Race
- White
- Political affiliation
- Democratic (via appointer)
Education
- Yale UniversityB.A., 1953
Professional career
- U.S. Air Force lieutenant and judge advocate, 1956-1958
- Law clerk, Hon. Charles E. Whittaker, Supreme Court of the United States, 1958-1959
- Private practice, St. Paul, MN, 1959-1962
- U.S. Peace Corps, 1962-1966
- associate director, Ethiopia, 1962-1963
- deputy director, Ethiopia, 1963-1964
- deputy director, Ethiopia, 1964-1966
- Special assistant, U.S. Sen. Walter F. Mondale, Minnesota, Washington, D.C., 1966-present
- Special assistant, President Harris Wofford, State University of New York at Old Westbury, 1967-present
- Professor of law, Arizona State University, 1967-1980
- Visiting Fulbright professor of law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, 1970-1971
Judicial service
- Judge, Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, 1980-1996
Source: CourtListener / Free Law Project public biographical data. Demographic and political labels are incomplete, source-attributed, and are not used to infer judicial behavior. “Via appointer” describes CourtListener’s attribution method, not verified personal party membership.