- Born
- 1947 in Cincinnati, OH
- Gender
- Male
- Race
- Black or African American
- Political affiliation
- Democratic (via appointer)
Education
- Macalester CollegeB.A., 1969
Professional career
- Law clerk, Legal Rights Center, 1971-1973
- Attorney, U.S. Social Security Administration, Baltimore, MD, 1973-present
- Criminal defense lawyer, Neighborhood Justice Center, Inc., 1974-present
- Attorney, Legal Rights Center, 1975-1978
- Instructor, William Mitchell School of Law, 1977-1981
- Attorney/commissioner, Minneapolis Minnesota Civil Rights Commission, 1977-1981
- Attorney, Hennepin County Minnesota Public Defender's Office, 1978-1983
- Adjunct professor, University of Minnesota Law School, 1982-present
- Judge, Hennepin County Minnesota Municipal Court, 1983-1984
- Judge, Minnesota District Court, Fourth Judicial District, 1984-1994
- Instructor, Minnesota Institute of Legal Education, 1990-present
Judicial service
- Judge, District Court, D. Minnesota, 1994-present
Source: CourtListener / Free Law Project public biographical data. Demographic and political labels are incomplete, source-attributed, and are not used to infer judicial behavior. “Via appointer” describes CourtListener’s attribution method, not verified personal party membership.